Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Can’t win climate fight without India: Obama

The US could not get a climate deal with India, but President Barack Obama on Tuesday made a strong pitch for emission cuts and said the world does not "stand a chance against climate change" unless developing countries like India cut their carbon emissions by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

"I know the argument made by some, that it's unfair for countries like the United States to ask developing nations and emerging economies like India to reduce your dependence on the same fossil fuels that helped power our growth for more than a century," said Obama in his Town Hall address.

"But here's the truth: even if countries like the United States curb our emissions, if growing countries like India — with soaring energy needs — don't also embrace cleaner fuels, we don't stand a chance against climate change," he said in his last public speech before leaving the country.

Though India does not deny the importance of mitigation (emission cuts), the country lays greater emphasis on fighting climate change through massive adaptation measures and by moving on renewable energy (solar, wind and bio-fuels) path if it gets economically viable technology and investment.


Barack Obama greeting his audience at the Siri Fort auditorium in New Delhi, on January 27, 2015.

India took this stand at all platforms and meetings ahead of Obama's visit. As a result, both the countries agreed for cooperation in renewable energy sector but did not go for the climate agreement that may factor in India's emission cut targets.

Obama, in fact, welcomed India's "ambitious targets" for generating more clean energy and promised to help the country to achieve this. He said, "We will continue to help you deal with impacts of climate change because you shouldn't have to bear that burden alone."

He also said with the breakthrough achieved during this visit, the two countries can finally move to fully implementing the civil nuclear agreement which would mean more reliable electricity for Indians and cleaner energy that helps fight climate change.

Selfie in front of running train costs three college-goers their life

Selfie in front of running train costs three college-goers their life
Police said the four friends wanted to take photos of themselves on the rail tracks as close to an oncoming train as possible. (Representative photo)
 
Attempts to click "eye-catching pictures" to upload them on social networking sites cost three college going friends from New Delhi, Moradabad and Faridabad their lives on Monday when they were run over by the speeding train.

The accident happened at about 9.30am in the railway tracks of Mathura, near Kosikala. The fourth friend, Aneesh, who survived the accident, told police that they were on their way to Agra to see the Taj Mahal on Republic Day and had stopped the car they were travelling in at the railway track to attempt the "daredevil selfie".

Those who died have as of now just been identified as Yakub, Iqbal and Afzal. All of them were between 20 and 22 and college-goers, police said. While Yakub belonged to Moradabad, Iqbal was from Faridabad and Afzal from New Delhi. Police said they were trying to establish more details related to the young men but were hampered by the fact that their counterparts in the other cities were busy with Republic Day security.

They were hopeful that the picture would get clearer by Tuesday.

Sanjay Kumar, additional station officer at the Kosi police station in Mathura, said the four friends wanted to take photos of themselves on the rail tracks as close to an oncoming train as possible. They wanted to upload their selfies on social networking sites.

Aneesh, who said he wanted to capture the dare devil act on his camera, told the cops the timing went horribly awry as a speeding train knocked them down, killing them on the spot before they could jump off the track.

Police have sent the bodies for postmortem.

Monday, January 26, 2015

TN sets up swine flu call centre

A file photo of King’s Institute of Preventive Medicine in Chennai. The institute, JIPMER in Puducherry and 13 private laboratories are among the centres with facilities to diagnose swine flu, the Tamil nadu government said on Saturday.

A file photo of King’s Institute of Preventive Medicine in Chennai. The institute, JIPMER in Puducherry and 13 private laboratories are among the centres with facilities to diagnose swine flu, the Tamil nadu government said on Saturday.

Call 044-24350496, 044-24334811, 9444340496, 9361482899 and 104 for information related to swine flu and fever, diagnostic centres and treatment from government hospitals

Days after a 53-year-old man died of H1N1 infection in Chennai, the Tamil Nadu government on Saturday reviewed the situation and set up a round-the-clock call centre as it allayed fears saying there was no need to panic.
The call centre would help people get information related to swine flu and all types of fever.
“There is no need to panic. Swine flu is only a seasonal influenza,” an official release said.
State Health Minister C. Vijayabaskar chaired a meet at the Secretariat to review preventive steps taken to tackle H1N1 infection and the current status where it was stated that the state has enough stocks of Tamilflu tablets, and 20 diagnostic centres to detect swine flu.
http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/02284/swine1_2284981a.jpg
King Institute in Chennai, JIPMER in Puducherry and 13 private laboratories are among the centres with facilities to diagnose swine flu, the government said.
Also, government district and medical college hospitals are equipped with facilities to provide treatment for infection.
General public could get information related to swine flu and fever, diagnostic centres and treatment options from government hospitals by calling the call centre on 044-24350496 and 044-24334811.
Also, information could be availed by calling on numbers 9444340496, 9361482899 and 104 services, an official release said.

IISc: Repurposing existing drugs to fight TB

Adwait Anand Godbole (foreground) and Wareed Ahmed were part of the team that identified the inhibitors of Topoisomerase I enzyme. PHOTO: SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT

Small changes to the molecules can turn them into effective TB drugs

A proof-of-concept study has successfully identified two small molecules (imipramine and norclomipramine) that can arrest the growth of TB bacteria and hence have the potential to be used as anti-TB drugs once the chemical properties are altered to make it more effective. 
Interestingly, one of the small molecules (imipramine) is already in clinical use as an antidepressant while other is a metabolite of antidepressant clomipramine.  But, they have never been used as antibacterials.
The two small molecules work by targeting the Topoisomerase I enzyme of the TB bacteria. This enzyme is essential for controlling the coiling (winding) and uncoiling (unwinding) of the bacterial DNA. The results of the study were published recently in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
“We have for the first time found the inhibitors that prevent the enzyme from functioning. The inhibition of the enzyme arrests the growth/division of the bacteria and eventually causes death,” Prof. V. Nagaraja of the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru and the senior author of the paper told this Correspondent. He led the team that identified the inhibitors.
Though the two molecules inhibited cell growth by preventing DNA coiling, the potency was not high enough. “The inhibition is not as effective as drugs that are already being used as anti-TB drugs,” he said.
He has been working on this enzyme for a long time. This class of enzyme is found in all bacteria and even in higher organisms like mammals and humans. But human Topoisomerase I enzyme has properties and functions that are very different from that of bacteria. And inhibitors for human Topoisomerase I enzyme have already been identified and successfully exploited, as in the case of cancer drugs. “But there has been no such progress in the case of bacteria, as inhibitors of bacterial Topoisomerase I enzyme were not identified so far,” Prof. Nagaraja said.
Even in the case of bacterial Topoisomerase II enzyme, inhibitors have long been identified and clinically-validated drugs such as ciprofloxacin and other members of the fluoroquinolones are widely in use today. Since the small molecules studied are being routinely used as antidepressants, it may not be possible to use them as anti-TB drugs in the current form.
However, small changes in the chemical entity of the molecules can change the properties and activities dramatically. “This has to be done in this case,” he said. “The current study only highlights the potential of repurposing or redesigning existing drugs that are not antibacterials as anit-TB drugs.”
As no X-ray crystal structure and, hence, atomic details of the enzyme is available, a 3D structure of the enzyme was modeled by the co-author Dr. Sean Ekins of Collaborative Drug Discovery, a company based in California.
The molecules that can be likely candidates were first identified through virtual screening of many compound libraries. Further studies were then carried out in the laboratory of Prof. Nagaraja to find their inhibiting properties.
The identification of the two small molecules was part of the TB consortium project  “More Medicine for TB’s” (MM4TB) with the larger goal of screening small molecules as potential anti-TB drugs. The MM4TB is an international consortium that has been assembled by the EU to discover new treatment methods to combat TB.

Trisha Krishnan to tie knot with industrialist

Actress Trisha Krishnan, who has starred in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films, on Friday got engaged to industrialist Varun Manian.
The 31-year-old actress, who has shared screen with some big film stars including Kamal Haasan and Akshay Kumar, announced the news of her engagement a couple of days ago.
The couple got engaged at a ceremony attended by close friends and the wedding date is expected to be announced later.
Manian runs film production firm Radiance Media Group which has produced Tamil movies ‘Vaayai Moodi Pesavum’ and ’Kavviya Thalaivan.’ Besides, Manian also runs Radiance Realty.
On whether she would quit the film industry post marriage, Trisha had said, “I have no intentions of quitting films. In fact I will be signing two new films soon and looking forward to four of my releases in 2015.”
Her latest film is with Ajith Kumar ‘Yennai Arindhaal’ and it is scheduled to hit screens soon.

Michelle Obama chooses Indian origin designer


The First Lady of the United States, descended Air Force in a printed floral dress and coat, as she accompanied U.S. President Barack Obama to New Delhi on Sunday. Photo: S. Subramanium

The First Lady of the United States, descended Air Force in a printed floral dress and coat, as she accompanied U.S. President Barack Obama to New Delhi on Sunday. Photo: S. Subramanium

The Firs Lady of US wore a printed floral dress and coat by Indian born Designer, Bibhu Mohapatra.
Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States, descended Air Force one clad in a printed floral dress and coat by Indian born Designer, Bibhu Mohapatra, as she accompanied U.S. President Barack Obama to New Delhi on Sunday.
Ms. Obama is known for her occasional preference for Indian origin designers. In her earlier visit to India in 2010 she donned designs created by Indian origin American designers Naeem Khan and Rachel Roy.
Also this is not the first time the first lady chose one of Mr. Mohapatra’s works. While appearing in a show ‘Tonight Show with Jay Leno’ in 2012, Ms. Obama had worn one of Mr. Mohapatra’s collections. Mr. Mohapatra hails from Rourkela in Odisha and is based in New York.
While Prime Minister Narendra Modi appeared in his trademark Nehru jacket, kurta-pyjama and a bright orange stole when he arrived at the airport to receive President Obama, an hour later at the Rashtrapati Bhawan he appeared in a black ‘bandhgala’ suit.

Modi, Obama walk the talk on nuke deal


  • U.S. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Narendra Modi talk as they have tea together in the gardens of the Hyderabad House in New Delhi on Sunday.

India and the U.S. reach understanding on the contentious civil nuclear liability issue.

A hotline that will now connect Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Obama, a declaration of friendship, a renewed ten-year defence partnership, and the much anticipated nuclear breakthrough marked the second summit between the two leaders, taking relations to what Mr Modi called “a whole new level”, and President Obama referred to as “powerful symbolism backed by substance.”
Announcing an end to the nuclear logjam, President Obama said they had reached a “breakthrough understanding” that would allow nuclear contracts to be signed between U.S. firms and India. The agreement, including the completion of administrative arrangements, was a key highlight of the India-U.S. bilateral negotiations that marked the first day of President Obama’s visit as chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations. “The civil nuclear agreement was the centrepiece of our transformed relationship,” said Mr Modi, referring to his previous meeting with President Obama in September 2014, “I am pleased that six years after we signed our bilateral agreement, we are moving towards commercial cooperation, consistent with our law, our international legal obligations, and technical and commercial viability.”
While the two sides didn’t disclose how U.S. concerns over the Indian supplier liability law were addressed, both Indian and U.S. officials said “the deal is done,” as far as the government’s work was concerned.
The two sides also signed a renewed Defence Strategic framework, which covers all aspects of defence cooperation, including the Defence Trade Technological Initiative under which they could co-produce four “pathfinder projects”, study cooperation on aircraft carriers and jet-engine technology, and committed to upgrading joint military and naval exercises.
On economic issues, surprisingly, the two sides didn’t announce any agreements, but agreed to restart discussions on a Bilateral Investment Treaty, while setting up mechanisms to work through their differences on Intellectual property rights (IPR) and the social security agreement, or the bilateral totalisation agreement, that Mr Modi said is “Important for the hundreds of thousands of Indian professionals working in the United States.”
The U.S. also made no specific financial commitment on renewable energy, although President Obama agreed to discuss “funding” for India’s target of 100GW of solar energy.

U.S. President Obama and his wife Michelle Obama touched down in Delhi

Modi, Obama carry burden of expectations

In a first, woman officer leads Guard of Honour at Rashtrapathi Bhavan

N-deal: No dilution of liability law

OBAMA'S VISIT TO INDIA

  •  DAY 1: JANUARY 25, 2015
  •  Arrival in the morning and Rashtrapathi Bhavan Ceremonial
  •  Rashtrapathi Bhavan Ceremonial
  •  Homage to Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat
  • Bilateral discussions with PM Narendra Modi, followed by a luncheon
  • Meeting with President Pranab Mukherjee
  • Banquet hosted by the President
  • DAY 2: JANUARY 26, 2015:
  • Republic Day function and Rashtrapathi Bhavan Ceremonial
  • 'At home' with Pranab Mukherjeeand a round table with CEOs
  •  DAY 3: JANUARY 27, 2015:
  •  To address a select gathering
  •  Leaves for Saudi Arabia

Obama at R-Day parade: As it happened


Prime Minister Narendra Modi and United States President Barack Obama at the 66th Republic Day parade in New Delhi on Monday. Photo: S. Subramanium

In a first, all-women contingents of the three Services march across Rajpath during this year’s parade.

12:03 pm: Republic Day parade comes to a close as tricolour balloons are released into the air.
11: 57 am: Huge applause for the Indian Nay's P-81 as it flies above Rajpath
11: 51 am: The Air-Force Flypast now begins. MI-35 helicopters fly past saluting dais at 240 kmph
11:49 am: Border Security Force's motorcycle display 'Janbaz' gets a huge round of applause! This is one of the major attractions of the parade every year.
11:48 am:
11:46 am:
11: 40 am: Students from a Saket school present a dance on India's Mars Orbiter Mission Mangalyaan
11:35 am: Prime Minister Modi's Swachh Bharat campaign shown as a dance performance by students wearing blue, black and white
11:31 am: Rajpath covered in colours as dance performances start
11:29 am: 24 children, including 4 posthumously, have been presented Bravery Medals.
11:23 am:
11:20 am: A 'Make in India' tableau shows a mechanised lion in a smart city.
11:18 am: Gujarat tableau pays tribute to Sardar Patel.
11:15 am: The Maharashtra culture goes on display.
11:12 am: Sultanpur National Park's birds displayed in Haryana tableau.
11:08 am: Dancers in traditional Sikkimese dress make their way:
11:04 am: The Assam tableau goes on Rajpath.
11:03 am: This is what the Madhya Pradesh float looks like:
11:01 am: Here's what the Goa tableau looks like. Defence Minister Manohar Parikar cheers.
11: 00 am: Cultural presentations begin. Karnataka tableau showcases wooden toys.
10: 50 am: Former PM Manmohan Singh, Congress president Sonia Gandhi and BJP CM candidate Kiran Bedi among those attending the parade.
10: 45 am: The only such band in the world, the BSF camel-mounted band marches down Rajpath. More than 75 items used in the uniforms of the camel-mounted contingent of the BSF.
10:40 am: Surface-to-air missile system, weapon locating radar among DRDO equipment rolling down Rajpath.
10: 38 am: All-women Air Force Officers contingent led by Sq. Leader Sneha Shekhawat marches now.
10: 36 am: All-women Naval contingent led by Lt Cdr Priya Jayakumar marches past the dais.
10: 30 am: Combined forces band plays "Sam Bahadur" as it marches past saluting dais on Rajpath.
10: 27 am: Military bands march down Rajpath on a cold and wet morning in Delhi.
10: 25 am: All women contingents begin marching now. Read more about them here
10:25 am: Helicopters fly at 150 km/h at a height of 60 feet above Rajpath.
10: 22 am: Captain Urvashi Rana salutes President Pranab Mukherjee from T-72 tank.
10:19 am: T-90 tank rolls past saluting dais on Rajpath.
10: 17 am: Gallantry medal awardees make their way past the saluting dais on Rajpath.

10: 15 am: Republic Day Parade commanded by Lt. Gen Subroto Mitra, the General Officer Commanding of Delhi.
10: 12 am: The Republic Day parade begins.
10: 11 am: Thousands of soldiers, artistes and students to participate in the #RepublicDay parade.
10: 08 am: President Pranab Mukherjee presents Ashok Chakra to wife of Naik Neeraj Kumar Singh.
10: 04 am: Major Mukund Varadharajan's wife Indu Rebecca Varghese receives the Ashok Chakra awarded posthumously to her husband.
10: 02 am: The Indian tri-colour is unfurled as the national anthem plays in the background.
10: 00 am: President Pranab Mukherjee arrives at the saluting base.
09: 56 am: President Obama greets Vice-President Hamid Ansari.
09: 52 am: U.S President Barack Obama's cavalcade arrives at Rajpath. The crowd cheers. He is the first US president to be the chief guest at the Republic Day.
09: 49 am: President's Guard escorts Pranab Mukherjee's cavalcade down Raisina Hill.
09: 47 am: The cavalcade moves to Rajpath where President Obama will arrive for today's parade.
09: 40 am: Also present is Chief of the Army: General Dalbir Singh.
09: 36 am: Prime Minister Narendra Modi's cavalcade arrives at the Amar Jawan Jyoti. He pays homage to soldiers, lays a wreath at the memorial.
09: 30 am: Defence Minister Mahonar Parikkar arrives at Amar Jawan Jyoti.
09: 15 am: President Pranab Mukherjee to leave from Rashtrapati Bhavan soon for Rajpath.
09: 10 am: It's a rainy day in Delhi and the flypast by the Indian Air Force may be affected if this weather continues.
08: 45 am: So what will be on display on the parade? Mosty Russian equipment. Read here
08: 30 am: Political leaders from across the country took to social media:

08:20 am: Andhra Pradesh Governor E.S.L. Narasimhan and Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu arrive at IG Stadium in Vijayawada to take part in Republic Day celebrations.
President Barack Obama is the first US president to visit India twice during office, and is also the first US president to be the chief guest at the Republic Day.
On Day 2 of his visit, he will witness the military might as well as cultural diversity of the nation as chief guest of the Republic Day parade at Rajpath
Students make record-breaking national flag
The 1,180 students of Sigaram Matriculation Higher Secondary School at Chettiyappanoor, near Vaniyambadi, set a world record by creating the “world’s largest national flag made with salt” on the school premises on Sunday, the eve of Republic Day.

Rosetta hints at ‘key to life’ on comet’s core

One of the most exciting findings is the discovery of a surface covered by complex mixtures of organic materials possibly containing carboxylic acids, which also occur in amino acids essential components for life.

One of the most exciting findings is the discovery of a surface covered by complex mixtures of organic materials possibly containing carboxylic acids, which also occur in amino acids essential components for life.

The discoveries are detailed in seven papers published by the journal 'Science'

Scientists have found further evidence that comets harbor the building blocks of life, and have collected the first close-up data that will help them understand how these celestial bodies evolve as they hurtle toward the sun.
The discoveries are the result of months of observation by instruments aboard Europe’s Rosetta space probe, which has been flying alongside comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko since August. They are detailed in seven papers published Thursday by the journal Science.
“These papers collect the first results, our first scientific analysis of the comet, and set us up for the next year alongside the comet,” said project scientist Matt Taylor.
One of the most exciting findings is the discovery of a surface covered by complex mixtures of organic materials possibly containing carboxylic acids, which also occur in amino acids essential components for life.
While much of the public attention has been on the fate of of the small lander that successfully touched down on 67P in November but soon fell silent, scientists say the bulk of their data will be collected by Rosetta itself.

Sydney ODI: India vs Aus match reduced to 44-over-a-side affair

 Ajinkya Rahane hits a ball to the boundary for 4 during their one day international cricket match in Sydney, on Monday.
Ajinkya Rahane hits a ball to the boundary for 4 during their one day international cricket match in Sydney, on Monday.

Play resumed in the fifth match of the cricket tri-series between India and Australia after a rain interruption which rendered it a 44-over-a-side affair at the SCG on Monday.
After a delayed start due to morning drizzle, rain interrupted play when India were 6 for no loss in 2.4 overs with Shikhar Dhawan and Ajinkya Rahane on the crease on 1 and 2 respectively. Australia have won the toss and opted to field.
The Teams:
India: Shikhar Dhawan, Ajinkya Rahane, Ambati Rayudu, Virat Kohli, Suresh Raina, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (capt & wk), Stuart Binny, Akshar Patel, Ravindra Jadeja, Mohammed Shami, Ishant Sharma.
Australia: Aaron Finch, David Warner, Glenn Maxwell, Steven Smith, George Bailey (capt), James Faulkner, Mitchell Marsh, Brad Haddin (wk), Mitchell Starc, Josh Hazlewood, Xavier Doherty.

Jaya, Jaya all the way during Republic Day parade in Chennai

Even in her absence, former Tamil Nadu chief minister Jayalalithaa made her presence felt during the 66th Republic Day parade at Marina here on Monday morning, as one float after another moved down the Kamarajar Salai bearing oversize images of the AIADMK leader.


Chief minister O Panneerselvam, who welcomed governor K Rosaiah for the flag hoisting, kept to himself, maintaining a stoic silence all through the celebrations.


The festivities began at 8am as flower petals showered over the national flag from a helicopter, followed by the ceremonial march past which saw floats by different contingents as the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard and police.


Large 'Amma' posters, splayed generously over each of the floats, greeted thousands of spectators who gathered at the Marina. However, the number of people was much reduced in comparison with the crowd that attended the celebrations last year where Jayalalithaa was present.


In the award ceremony that followed, the chief minister gave away medals for bravery and a special award to a famer with the highest yield in the last year.


School and college students treated the crowds to traditional dance performances such as 'kummiyattam', tambourine dance, 'salangaiyattam' and 'kolattam'.


'Chakri' dance of Rajasthan, Duff Muttu of Malabar, 'bihu' dance of Assam and local favourites 'karagattam' and 'silambattam' were also performed.

FIIs inflow reaches Rs 21,000 crore so far in Jan

These investors got re-christened as FPIs. File photo.
Overseas investors have pumped in a staggering over Rs 21,000 crore in Indian capital markets since the beginning of the month owing to easing inflation and rate cut by Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) have bought shares worth Rs 5,992 crore (USD 977 million) till January 23, while bought debt worth 15,336 crore (USD 2.5 billion) taking the total investment to Rs 21,328 crore (USD 3.45 billion), latest data with Central Depository Services Ltd (CDSL) showed.
These investors got re-christened as FPIs or Foreign Portfolio Investors last year under a new regulatory regime that promises to make it easier for them to invest in India.
Market analysts attributed the huge inflow to low inflation levels and rate cut by RBI. The central bank on January 14 surprised market participants with a 25 basis point rate cut.
Besides, foreign investors are betting on Indian capital markets on expectations of more rate cuts by the apex bank.
In 2014, the net investment by overseas investors into the debt markets was Rs 1.16 lakh crore, while in the equities it stood at Rs 98,150 crore. Overall, net investment by foreign investors stood at Rs 2.58 lakh crore in 2014.

Five firsts at Republic Day 2015

The 66th Republic Day saw many firsts. Here are a few:
1. All-women contingents of the Army, Navy and Air Force march through Rajpath for the first time
The Army contingent, led by Captain Divya Ajith from Chennai, wants to serve in combat roles. “We believe we are equal and second to none. We have already marched for the first time on the Army Day and now another first would be the Republic Day parade. So, yes, we do wish to be in the combat force," she said. Read more here
2. The first time that a U.S. President is Chief Guest for the parade
“This Republic Day, we hope to have a friend over…invited President Obama to be the 1st US President to grace the occasion as Chief Guest,” Narendra Modi tweeted in November last year. Read more here
3. The President and the chief guest arrived in different motorcades, a departure from the standard practice of arriving together
4. CRPF shows off Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (CoBRA) used in anti-Naxal operations
5. The long-range advanced MiG-29K fighter jet on display

Democracy, still in the making

Former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurating a meeting of the National Development Council at Parliament House in New Delhi on January 6, 1956.
Former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurating a meeting of the National Development Council at Parliament House in New Delhi on January 6, 1956.
On January 26, the Indian state will display its might in the presence of the President of the United States, Barack Obama.Yet, to look at the ceremonial tableaux on display during the annual ritual that is performed in the heart of Delhi and assess how far we have come together as a democratic Republic would be partially incorrect and perhaps, even delusional.
The depth and spread of democracy in the last 65 years is a better measure of the performance of the state. “The deepening of democracy project has not expanded,” said Bhagwan Josh, Professor of Contemporary History at the Jawaharlal Nehru University. “The democratic momentum under Nehru that lasted from 1951 to 1962 is missing today,” he added.
As we enter the 66th year of the Republic, the new government in place has completed eight months at the helm. Even though it is a coalition government, the 2014 Lok Sabha results show that the leading party — the Bharatiya Janata Party — was capable of forming a government on its own. Yet, the functioning of Parliament during the current government’s tenure shows it has not been able to leverage its numbers in the Lok Sabha to build consensus in the Rajya Sabha.
A party crossing the half way mark in the Lok Sabha is a scenario that visited us after 30 years — after an era of stable and unstable coalition governments that lasted from 1991 to 2009. The five-phase election to the 16th Lok Sabha in April-May last year saw the BJP finish with a little under 31 per cent of the total votes polled, yet post a mammoth score of 282 of the total 543 seats. It was the first non-Congress party to cross the majority mark on its own. The Congress recorded its worst performance, with 44 seats, finishing second and polling 19.3 per cent votes.
The next six slots, in terms of seat share, were taken by regional parties — the AIADMK with 37 seats, the AITMC with 34 seats together polled a little over seven per cent of the votes.
The BSP which had polled more votes than the two finished with no seats at all in the Lok Sabha because of the national spread of its votes vis-à-vis the regional concentration of the AIADMK and TMC votes.
While it is easy to read the mandate in terms of seats won as overwhelmingly in favour of the BJP, the vote share tells a different story. The government’s current struggle to get bills passed in the Rajya Sabha and ultimately resorting to a string of ordinances is precisely a reflection of that. “The hallmark of democracy is consensus, but that we have not been able to achieve that,” explained Prof. Josh.
More than six decades ago, the first elected Lok Sabha in 1952, had seen less than 46 per cent per cent of the electorate vote in the elections. The Congress came to power having bagged 364 of the 489 seats in the Lok Sabha and 45 per cent of the total votes polled. Nehru became the first elected Prime Minister. The Communist Party of India – which had not yet split into the CPI(M) and CPI – bagged 16 seats, and finished second, polling barely 3.3 per cent of the votes polled, while its affiliate, the People’s Democratic Front in Andhra Pradesh won seven seats in the state. The Socialist Party, that bagged 10.6 per cent votes finished with 12 seats in the third place. The Bharatiya Jan Sangh, predecessor of the current day BJP, polled 3.06 per cent of the votes and finished with three Lok Sabha seats. The national parties between them always held a much larger share of votes than the forces of identity politics.
From the first Lok Sabha election to the 16th it has however been a different story with identity and regional politics registering a wider spread. Between the BJP and the Congress, the vote share for the two national parties came down below 50 per cent in 2014, even though they retained over 300 seats as was the case in 2009. Parties built on identities of ethnicity, caste and region may have secured lesser seats in the 2014 election but their vote share has not fallen drastically.
Development takes a hit

Identity politics surfaced after the Chinese aggression of 1962, when Nehru’s development project took a hit at the hands of the country’s security concerns. The country moved back to identity politics, away from the development discourse. Nehru’s development project had two components, according to Prof. Josh. One involved the building of the political economy through large industries and the second, the cultural project involving skill development and education. The 1962 war was the first roadblock in Indian democracy and since then we have faced many, he added. As the focus that should have been on development shifted to building a security state, development politics has faced its next threat from identity politics. The struggle is far from over. “As a result, India remains an anaemic democracy and not a robust one,” he added.

Thursday, January 22, 2015

He loves me, he loves me not

Thirty-six questions that map your emotions. Photo: special arrangement
Thirty-six questions that map your emotions. Photo: special arrangement

Take the Love Game Quiz to find the answer

He leaves his chicken steak aside and sits up straight looking like a convict at a court hearing.  I have just sprung The Love Game Quiz upon my unsuspecting date. Thirty-six questions stand between us, by the end of which we may or may not be in love. Apparently, one can fall in love by answering these three dozen questions. Ah, such is modern love.

Yes, this is the very quiz that Mandy Len Catron, a lecturer at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver ferreted out and applied to her own life before writing a column about it for The New York Times. Ever since, the questions have gone viral sparking a debate on if this is really possible. Formulated by psychologist Arthur Aron in the 1990s, this questionnaire, a part of a lab test, tried to determine if two strangers could bond and get into a relationship within a span of 90 minutes. The couple he experimented on did end up falling in love. It might be randomly called The Love Test now, but back then, for lab purposes it was titled: “The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness.” Who knew that something with a name as uninspiring such as this would end up being quite a phenomenon the world over? 

Acquaintances, friends, best friends, crushes, current love interests… are all busy taking this quiz, some for the fun of it and some hoping they get to walk into the sunset holding hands with the fellow quizzer. It starts with this question: “Given the choice of anyone in the world, whom would you want as a dinner guest?” I say Sachin Tendulkar while my date sweetly replies, “You.” (Hate to admit it, but a total “Oh, how sweet” moment is happening in my head. Aron, you clever, clever man!)

It progresses from innocent questions such as, “Would you like to be famous? In what way?”, “Before making a telephone call, do you ever rehearse what you are going to say? Why?”… to personal ones like: “How do you feel about your relationship with your mother?”, “When did you last cry in front of another person? By yourself?”, “Tell your partner something that you like about them already.” And then comes the intimidating part — that of silently looking into your partner’s eyes for four minutes. Never has four minutes seemed this long. This is the part that leaves most people nervous, clammy-handed and even giggly. As the timer steadily starts ticking from 3 minutes 59 seconds to 2 minutes and then the final 60 seconds you feel less unnerved. “It made me feel like he could see straight through me. I was shy and yet didn’t want to look away,” says a 21-year-old who tried this quiz. Another person who took it up says, “I could gauge my partner’s integrity by looking into her eyes. The fact that she didn’t look away or look shifty tells me that I can bank on her.”

The questions can tend to make you feel vulnerable with the other person getting to know your fears, worries, insecurities and other emotions that you may not even have thought of sharing. But they help in opening up, connecting and getting to know each other better. It opens you up to situations that you may not have thought of and knowing what the significant other would make of it. Chances are you might find yourself grinning stupidly as you unlock more facts about the other person. 

Surely does beat having to Facebook-stalk them to determine their personality, past and preferences. By the end of it, it doesn’t matter if you are in love or not. Atleast you have had something to break the ice.

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